My Personal Experience Of My Arabic Culture - 874 Words

Arabic Culture Culture is a very significant attribute of human experience determining to a large extend the way people relate with others within their environment. According to Mahfouz (2011), culture is also important not just for managing the way understand and relate with each other but also as a form of identification giving people a sense of belonging and identity. The human race is highly cultured with many different people preferring to lead their lives based on traditions defined within their cultures and in order to understand human behavior and relationship, it is important to ensure that this issue is well understood and appreciated. This brief paper discusses the effect that culture has on how people relate with each other and how different cultures provide different avenues of expression that make life easier or harder for those that relate with them. I will use my personal experience of my Arabic culture to provide insights about the issues that culture influences in h uman relations. I am of Arabic descent. The Arabic culture is one that is rich in history as it is in complexity. It refers to the culture of people that speak the Arabic language mainly within the Western Asia, North Africa, and the Arabian Sea as the main areas of Arabic culture dominance (Mahfouz, 2011). The Arabic culture has three main parts that define its central key concepts and these are: the urban culture which is called Al-Mudum, the Nomad Culture which isShow MoreRelatedPersonal Statement : The Religious Experience986 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal Statement The religious experience is one of the most hotly debated topics in the study of religion. What entails a religious experience? For me, the most refreshing thing about religious events is that they tend to be sporadic and individually unique, stretching from the oddly mundane to the inimitable. The sensation is different. The location is different. The state of mind is different. However, this encounter with the sacred is mentally piercing in the most fascinating, diverseRead MoreSelecting The Type Of Learner Using English1187 Words   |  5 Pages I appreciated the authors multiple ways of considering the type of learner using English. I have always thought of it as ELL – English Language Learner, specifically considering my personal experiences at school, which definitely creates a much more complex reading program to consider. The variables in reading is complex for the young English learners. There is much to consider such as the age, class size, curriculum and materials, delivery of instruction, trained teachers, amount of time toRead MoreMy Life After The United States969 Words   |  4 PagesMy life was split between two distinct cultures during my childhood and adolescence. My family immigrated to the United States in the early eighties and moved back to Syria two years after I was born. I completed first and second grade in Syrian public schools before immigrating to the U.S. in 2001. Here, I was placed in English second language classes, which I completed in 9 months. I then continued my fourth grade educa tion in regular classrooms. These two years exposed me to people of variousRead MoreImportance Of Online Media1399 Words   |  6 Pageshave been in the habit of spending most of my time on the internet reading news and blogs, twitter and many other platforms, and that’s because it’s convenient and accessible. Further, technology has allowed me to follow the news online, read blogs about politics, sport and Not just locally but globally also. However, most of these blogs or online news are in English since it’s a world-wide used language. Thus, I was forced to learn the language and develop my language skills in reading and writing,Read More Cultural Competence Essay983 Words   |  4 Pagescompetence as: â€Å"A set of congruent behaviors, attitudes and policies that come together as a system, agency or among professionals and enable that system, agency or those professionals to work effectively in cross-cultural situations. The word quot;culturequot; is used because it implies the integrated pattern of human thoughts, communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values and institutions of a racial, ethnic, religious or social group. The word competence is used because it implies having a capacityRead MoreThe Interview With A Interview Essay1382 Words   |  6 Pagesinterviews recorded. For them, it was the first time spoke openly to a person outside of their family and friends’ cycle about their experience. Women showed their interest on my research and felt that their participation might be helpful in informing cancer health care services. My aim from the recorded interviews is to understand how women response and interact with my questions that enabled the collection of ric h data. Elliott (2005) stressed on the importance of telling the interviewees from theRead MoreTeaching Multilingual Classes Essay1250 Words   |  5 PagesPart One Introduction and rationale I chose this specialism, primarily, because my current LTE requires me to teach multilingual classes. For the foreseeable future, this situation will not change. I have taught both multi and monolingual classes but I spend the majority of my time in a multilingual classroom. I have noticed differences in the classroom but I have also noticed similarities and I feel that I should learn more about it. i.e. What aspects of the different classrooms can be transferredRead MoreCultural Competence1018 Words   |  5 Pagescompetence as: A set of congruent behaviors, attitudes and policies that come together as a system, agency or among professionals and enable that system, agency or those professionals to work effectively in cross-cultural situations. The word culture is used because it implies the integrated pattern of human thoughts, communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values and institutions of a racial, ethnic, religious or social group. The word competence is used because it implies having a capacityRead MoreImportance Of A Global Citizen1327 Words   |  6 Pagesvisit, you will see people from all over the world there as well. We will be going over some benefits of being a global citizen, some disagreements between theorists about the definition of global citizenship, two outcomes of global citizenship, two personal examples that I have with global citizenship, and finally I will go over two courses that I have taken that have influenced me becoming a global citizen. Benefits of being a global citizen When it comes to benefits of being a global citizen, thereRead MoreMy Experience With The United States Essay776 Words   |  4 PagesMy dreams are limitless but I strive to turn them into plans, then reality. I carry two cultures in my heart and speak two languages. I have faced death several times in Syria, which made me appreciate the value of life. I encountered numerous hardships and difficulties but treated them as opportunities for personal growth and development. Whenever I fail, I step back, reflect, learn from the experience and move forward. I love working with others and viewing things from different perspectives. Part

Masters Prepared Nurse Interview A Interview - 1091 Words

Masters Prepared Nurse Interview Introduction According to the American Association College of Nursing, â€Å"Master’s prepared nurses obtain a higher level of learning as well as key competencies.† The purpose of this paper is to provide insight on a Master’s prepared nurse conducted through an interview. My interviewee has obtained an MSN in Informatics and is currently employed in the Informatics field as a director of nursing informatics. He did his masters in health informatics from university of Walden. The main idea of this interview is to find out the ways in which he developed his nursing carrier. He is vey dedicated to his profession and has good knowledge. His commitment to the profession, and contributions to the profession is a true inspiration for me. His encouragement and support is leading me to start my master’s degree in health informatics. Overview of career My interviewee is an Asian origin and born and raised in Delhi. He said when he was in high school he decided to select health care sector because his mom was a public health nurse, and she received best nurse award for contributions to health care sector. The respect she received in the society inspired him to go for nursing. He received his BSN from Dr. MGR medical university in Madras. He proudly told me that he was the best outgoing student of the year, he said he was a member of SNA of India, he shared an interesting fact with me that he played hockey, representing his college of nursing. He was veyShow MoreRelatedInterview Of A Masters Prepared Nurse1517 Words   |  7 PagesInterview of a Masters Prepared Nurse: A Role Examination INTRODUCTION The purpose of doing an interview with a Mastered prepared Nurse here is to look for new awareness about a role, much desired by the interviewer and increase insight into the relationship between career path, education and opportunities. 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According to the American Association College of Nursing, Master’s prepared nurses obtain a higher level of learning as well as key competencies and skills. The ultimateRead MoreNurse Interview Essay845 Words   |  4 PagesMasters-Prepared Nurse Interview Grand Canyon University Theoretical Foundation for Nursing Roles and Practice NUR-502 May 23, 2012 Masters-Prepared Nurse Interview With the rapid growth in the implementation and use of electronic medical records, there is an increase in how we define the role of nurses and other team member’s (Deese amp; Stien, 2004). Along with providing optimal care, nurses are also responsible for interpreting and accurately documenting large amounts of informationRead MoreInterpreting The Role Of Nurses During Kerala s Public Health Care System1680 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Proposal Interpreting the Role of Nurses in Kerala’s Public Health Care System Name of the Guide: Dr. Mathew George Pallavi Muraleedharan Enrollment Number: M2015HE018 Master of Health Administration (2015-17) 1. INTRODUCTION The shortage of qualified human resources in the health sector is a major challenge India is currently facing. 18% of the primary health centers are without a doctor and out of the 52% sanctioned posts for specialists at CHCs that remain vacant, 55% areRead MoreInterview With Chief Financial Officer Essay894 Words   |  4 PagesInterview with Chief Financial Officer Carolinas Healthcare System is a large not for profit health care system, with over 40 hospitals across 900 locations in North and South Carolina. Carolinas Healthcare Pineville is one of the acute hospitals within this large organization (CHS, n.d.). It takes integration, coordination and planning to operate a profitable facility in this current climate. P. Hiltz contributes to this coordination and planning for Carolinas Healthcare Pineville. During an interviewRead MoreThe Impact of Leadership and Management in Nursing1489 Words   |  6 PagesThe first study reviewed looked at the effect of patient-focused redesign on midlevel nurse managers role responsibilities and perceptions of work environment (Ingersoll, 1999, p. 21). The study was chosen because patient-focused redesign models are becoming increasingly popular and little research has been conducted regarding the results of these models on nurse leaders/managers. A review of published studies of Patient-Focused Redesign (PFR) suggests that models differ across institutionsRead MoreEvaluation Of A Nursing Internship Experience Based On An Educational Program For Wound Assessment And Documentation1451 Words   |  6 Pagespractices and interventions to reduce skin breakdown pressure ulcers occurrences. Mastered prepared nurses play an important role in organizational performance and the delivery of quality patient care. This paper will describe and summarize graduate nursing practicum experience in developing an educational program for wound assessment and documentation. The nursing practicum is an opportunity for graduate nurse to apply theoretical knowledge and gain experience based on personal goals and learningRead MoreMy Aspiration At Work Worth Doing1233 Words   |  5 PagesInventory, I learned that my interests attribute to my occupation being in either health care services or medical science. Additionally, under my Top Ten Strong Occupations, several professions in the health care were listed, such as a registered nurse or a pharmacist. By partaking in this assessment and having reviewed my results, I overall feel as though I have chosen the proper career field. Furthermore, the Strong Interest Inventory, revealed aspects about interests and how they relate to my

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Free Essays

In the beginning, cyclin-dependent kinase 1 CDK1 for example, is a cell division cycle protein homolog 2, regarding a research paper that explains the role of CDK1 in the human breast cancer cells. They found that CDK1 rather than any types of CDK is fatal to the mutated version of MYC- dependent cancer that leads to a depletion of the oncogene in human cancer cells. The study reveals that the reason for the MYC breast cancer cells duplation is targeting CDF1 exhibit any other CDK cell lines. We will write a custom essay sample on Cyclin-Dependent Kinase or any similar topic only for you Order Now The primary purpose was to figure out the mechanism of CDK1 inhibition which controls and target the breast cancer cells in human and both phosphorylation and expression of MYC during the cell cycle process. To confirm that, they used siRNA knockdown to measure the expression level of MYC. Further, other than any mutants, apoptosis leading to the uncontrolled cell proliferation especially in human breast cancer disease that was measured by the detection of caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 using flow cytometry technique. The controls that were used are estrogen receptor ER-positive and ER-negative, they found increased at the number of the protein activity for the positive and the negative correlation, but the gene expression was high at the positive one and decreased to zero at the negative control (that means no reaction between them). They confirmed that CDK1 is essential for cell division and necessary for driving the cell cycle in all cell types.To initiate intracellular signaling pathways and stimulate the cell cycle entry, mitogens substance bind to the cell surface receptor with the activation form of GTPase Ras that activates MAP kinase cascade. That will lead to the expression of encoding gene of the transcription regulatory protein like MYC. Moreover, MYC will increase the expression of many late response genes, including some genes that lead to increased G1-CDK activity (cyclin D Cdk4), which triggers the phosphorylation of members of the tumor suppressor protein (Retinoblastoma protein) family. The inactive form of RB proteins can release the E2F target genes to initiate the transcription process in G1 and S phases, to enhance the G1- CDK and S- CDK activities and the phosphorylation of RB proteins forming a positive feedback loop. How to cite Cyclin-Dependent Kinase, Papers

Legal and Environment Aspects for Health and Safety -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theLegal and Environment Aspects for Health and Safety. Answer: Legal Aspects Legal Aspects of London According toMunicipal Act, 2001, S.O. 2001, c. 25the by-law is applicable to any recreation area in London, which is under direct supervision of the city management associated with boulevards, avenues, streets and drives (London.ca., 2013). Considering emergency maintenance vehicles, any carrier can be treated and accepted on behalf of ambulance, fire department or police department. Dove, (2016) pointed out that some of the general prohibited activities for a recreational area such as operating motor vehicle in unauthorized direction towards park; engaging into profane or abusive language or even in riotous activities are taken care by The Municipal Council of The Corporation of the City of London. According to Health and Safety at Work Act 1974, the employers need to ensure safety welfare and health of employees. There should be written communicated policy statement for such intention including how other stakeholders such as customers, visitors and contractors are addressed(Prospect.org.uk., 2017). On the other hand, employees must take care of themselves and cooperate with health and safety arrangements of employer. Tombs and Whyte, (2013) pointed out that Safety Representatives and Safety Committees Regulations 1977 in London helps recreational areas to appoint health and safety members from within the unions of concerned entity. Considering the above discussion, it can be found that Circus Trixwill need to undergo direct health and safety notions set by the municipal council. Eventually, this will act as the boon for the company as it can construct authentic method of operation. Once Circus Trix starts following the by-laws, it will surely set up its reputation and positive publicity. However, in order to actualize such a safe recreational park, it will need to educate employees and there must be paper document aligning with the by-laws. Legal Aspects of Paris According to Thecompanywarehouse.co.uk. (2017), in UK there are mainly five types of limited liability companies, which are Private Limited by Shares (LTD), Private Limited by Guarantee (LBG), Limited Liability Partnership (LLP), Public Limited Company (PLC) and Private Unlimited Company. Among those 5 types, Private Limited by Shares (LTD) is the most advantageous because it is easy and quick to be constructed. The main advantage will be limited financial liability, which indicates that shareholders and owners will not be liable personally for debt of the company. This will also reduce the personal tax liability. According to Davidsson and Emmenegger, (2013), any business operating in Paris need to adhere with Health Safety Law and Insurance Cover. Any business need to carry out risk assessments and businesses with more than five people need to record theses assessments. Healthy and safe environment needs to be ensured by the employer with proper documentation for both customer and employee safety. On the other hand, Lerouge, (2017) pointed out that employers liability insurance needs to be ensured through 5 million worth of cover. This helps in creating a sense of wellbeing for the stakeholders. Considering French labor laws, working week of an employee must not exceed 35 hours and one particular day must not exceed 10 hours. Considering the above discussion, it can be said that Paris gives the opportunity of LLC and good set of health and safety policies including insurance cover. Therefore, if Circus Trix maintains the legalities, then surely it can engage in better sustainability. Since health and safety related laws are for both employees and consumers, hence there will be better protection of visitors at the time of trampoline activities. Finally, it can be said that the legal changes according to National Minimum Wage is well favorable in Paris. There is tighter protection for consumers especially in recreational industry in Paris through which unscrupulous practice for business is prevented. Environmental Aspects Environmental Aspects of London According to Environmental Protection Act 1990, the Parliament of the United Kingdom has ensured waste management and emission control activity to be taken care by England and Wales (Aris et al., 2017). Therefore, London is explicitly engaged in observing waste disposal by any entity. However, such observation hampers construction phase of an entity as it needs to transload waste each day, which increases cost of operation. On the other hand, Kukkonen et al., (2016) pointed out that pollution from indoor entities most often generate pollutants such as radon that create health related issues. However, at present London is quite free from carbon dioxide emission and it ranked 15th among 36 top cities globally. Circus Trix, being an indoor recreational parkin Londonwill not face extreme challenges from environment as neither waste nor carboncontributes in pollution. However, since London is entirely in charge of maximum waste disposal in the entire UK, therefore Circus Trix will need to invest more while in construction phase. On the other hand, since possession of land is increasing rapidly in London therefore the infrastructure for waste and recycling will become an additional cost for the park while operating. Environmental Aspects of Paris According to the French General Commission on Sustainable Development (CGDD), Paris is facing more environmental challenges from air pollution. Road space rationing in Paris has increased the unpredictable change in climate (Oziol et al., 2017). However,Pelletier et al., (2017)argued that environmental issues in Paris related to waste disposal is quite low in the entire UK. There are multiple landfill sites outside the city, which considerably lowers contamination. However, businesses need to maintain a separate department for dealing with waste management as this increases the cost of operation. Considering Circus Trix, it must be said that since it is not a manufacturing entity, hence it will not face huge environmental challenges. However, since it is an amusement and recreational entity, hence concentration of more audience will lead to more waste. The organization will need to bare considerable amount of capital for waste disposal and management. Furthermore, the equipments required to operate Trampoline Park, need adequate energy. Therefore, the park can consume the energy and power, which can often pollute the environment as well as reduce the energy level of the country. Therefore, the trampoline park can face issues in regards to energy conservation policy followed in Paris. References Aris, M. S. M., Kelly, F. J., Barratt, B. (2017). An assessment of oxidative potential of indoor/outdoor airborne particulate matter at roadside and urban background sites in London.Environmental Conservation, Clean Water, Air Soil (CleanWAS), 42. Davidsson, J. B., Emmenegger, P. (2013). Defending the organisation, not the members: Unions and the reform of job security legislation in Western Europe.European Journal of Political Research,52(3), 339-363. Dove, L. R. (2016). Introducing the Moral Foundations of Capitalism in Undergraduate Business Law and Ethics Courses Using Kelo v. City of New London.Journal of Private Enterprise,31(2), 87. Kukkonen, J., Singh, V., Sokhi, R. S., Soares, J., Kousa, A., Matilainen, L., ... Rasila, T. (2016). Assessment of Population Exposure to Particulate Matter for London and Helsinki. InAir Pollution Modeling and its Application XXIV(pp. 99-105). Springer International Publishing. Lerouge, L. (2017). Health and Safety Law and Psychosocial Risks at Work: A Comparative Overview of France and Other Countries. InPsychosocial Risks in Labour and Social Security Law(pp. 15-30). Springer, Cham. London.ca. (2013).Parks Recreation Area By-law.London.ca. Retrieved 13 November 2017, from https://www.london.ca/city-hall/by-laws/Documents/parks-recreation.pdf. Oziol, L., Alliot, F., Botton, J., Bimbot, M., Huteau, V., Levi, Y., Chevreuil, M. (2017). First characterization of the endocrine-disrupting potential of indoor gaseous and particulate contamination: comparison with urban outdoor air (France).Environmental Science and Pollution Research,24(3), 3142-3152. Pelletier, M., Bonvallot, N., Ramalho, O., Mandin, C., Wei, W., Raffy, G., ... Glorennec, P. (2017). Indoor residential exposure to semivolatile organic compounds in France.Environment International,109, 81-88. Prospect.org.uk. (2017).Health and safety law.Prospect.org.uk. Retrieved 13 November 2017, from https://www.prospect.org.uk/at-work/health-and-safety/key-information/law. Thecompanywarehouse.co.uk. (2017).Types of Limited Company.Thecompanywarehouse.co.uk. Retrieved 13 November 2017, from https://www.thecompanywarehouse.co.uk/types-of-limited-company. Tombs, S., Whyte, D. (2013). Transcending the deregulation debate? Regulation, risk, and the enforcement of health and safety law in the UK.Regulation Governance,7(1), 61-79.

What Our Homes Tell Us Essays - Thirteen Colonies, Chesapeake

What Our Homes Tell Us What Our Homes Tell Us Our nation was built on ideals of freedom and prosperity for those settlers who wished to journey to a new land. Part of that prosperity was in preparing a home for themselves and their families. Homes tell rich stories about society and the values and principles within that society. The hovel-to-house home patterns that exist in the early stages of our historical development show the regional and social differences between the people settling the Americas. In studying the housing of our ancestors we can discover what types of resources were available at the time, the priorities of the time, family make-ups, permanence of people, and what type of skilled workers were available within a geographic zone. We also can learn about the hardships that may have been endured. When studying the housing differences between colonial New England and the Chesapeake Bay region of our country we discover a sharp contrast in the time frame within which people built and made substantial dwellings for themselves and their families. The Chesapeake Bay region remained largely made up of shanties, lean-tos, and rough simple cabins for nearly one century as opposed to New England where by the 1680s many settlers had built strong dwellings of finished brick and timber. The reason for the differences between these two regions lies in the economics and family structures of the immigrants. In the Chesapeake region the men outnumbered the woman and disease killed many settlers in the area. Families were rendered unstable and stunted. The New England region, however, was rich with intact families that were hearty and healthy. Survival in New England was easier and the family unit was essential in strengthening the Puritans colonies. Also in the Chesapeake regions were the to bacco growers. A large stable dwelling was not the focus of their settlements. The number of slaves one could put to work and the amount of tobacco one could produce determined position in the Chesapeake area. A settler was much more likely to spend any extra money he had on a new slave rather than a more comfortable living environment. Families were a pieced together collage of widows, orphans, and stepchildren. This region was plagued with death and lack of permanence. Some historians argue that the south was also lazy and had not desire to build more permanent housing. It is also true that tobacco only thrived on fresh land so relocating was probably common among the tobacco growers of the Chesapeake area. New Englands puritan population was thriving. The accumulation of wealth and the stability of the family determined social status. The Puritans were after a Utopia in which the intact family played a large role. The goal of the Puritan settlements was a long and carefully thought out plan of purity and permanence. The puritans came with and intent of staying and thriving by any means possible. The Chesapeake Bay people came seeking immediate wealth and riches. The Puritans had many skilled artisans and a very productive work ethic. They believed that by working on their homes, families, town, etc., they were doing Gods work and they were closer to reaching their pure Utopia. The people of the Chesapeake had to economize any wealth toward the purchase of fieldhands. The Puritans were a self-sufficient society, which did not have slaves. The economy was not based on how many people were working the fields. As we analyze the housing in both these regions we see how large an effect the s ocial values and principles of a people can affect the quality of life of those people. Both these groups of people were seeking entirely different things from the Americas. Success came later for the people in the Chesapeake region because they had to emerge from a long period in which men outnumbered women and disease was rampant. Once these factors were under control and eliminated then the Chesapeake colonies began to see more permanence and less suffering. Families were able to grow and people were able to diversify and delve in industries other than tobacco. This region began building more substantial housing and dwellings after about 1720. New Englanders were permanently established and settled by this

pollution in the fox river essays

pollution in the fox river essays In Health Occupations Academy, students are offered numerous opportunities that outside students are not. One of them being the class Advanced Topics In Medical Science. In this class, students are exposed to debates and problems of the environment first semester, and health and medical issues second semester. Throughout first semester we engaged in multiple environmental issues, the biggest being water pollution. We started this unit by looking at frog deformities and the main cause of them. This led into the water pollution problem. We came across the issues of human pollution both chemically and physically. Mr. Lundquist introduced us to chemical testing first by going to the school's pond. Here we tested by only looking, not physically testing. We saw that the pond had an excessive amount of moss, meaning there were high phosphate levels in the water. This is caused by the lack of movement of the water and the fish's bowel movements, which produce phosphate. This experience ga ve us a taste of what the actual river walk was going to be like. During the time we were planning on doing our testing, there was a controversy between the Friends of the Fox and Fox Metro. The Friends of the Fox is a community formed group to protect the Fox River, and Fox Metro is Aurora's water treatment center. Friends of the Fox claim to have gotten much, much, higher levels of phosphate than Fox Metro had recorded. So we hoped that with our testing, we could find out ourselves which source had the right information We took a trip Students can make a difference! to where the Marina Valley Water Treatment Center effluent was found, then to the mouth of the Waubonsee Creek and the Fox River. Here we met Dr. David Horn and members of the Ecology Club from Aurora University. We split up into three different units. In one unit we did the actual testing on the Marina Valley effluent, then on the Waubonsee Creek water. In this unit we tested for ni...

Foreign Exchange Derivatives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Foreign Exchange Derivatives - Essay Example Since mny derivtives involve cross-border trding, the derivtives mrket hs led to incresed interntionl finncil frgility nd the ttendnt need for greter suprntionl governnce of derivtives. To explore these themes, I will use monetry theory of production provided by institutionlist economic theory. From the outset, institutionlist nlyses of the economic process hve incorported the impct of monetry phenomen on the production of goods nd services. Thorstein Veblen distinguished between pecuniry nd industril employments, Wesley Mitchell between mking goods nd mking money, nd John R. Commons between rel nd finncil vlues. Wht ll sought to cpture ws dilecticl reltionship between money nd mteril flows. s Dudley Dillrd put it, under mrket cpitlism "the production of goods nd services by which we live is byproduct of the expecttion of businessmen to 'mke money'" [Dillrd 1987, 1623]. In institutionl nlysis, money is described s hving functions beyond tht of medium of exchnge. Money is core component of economizing behvior under mrket cpitlism becuse it serves s the numerire by which gin my be clculted in quntittive terms, n element essentil to wht Mx Weber clled cpitl ccounting, or Kpitlrechnung. Perhps the most importnt function of money in the mrket economy rises from wht Dillrd [1987, 1625] termed its chrcteristic s specil form of property. key feture of the use of property is the power to hold or withhold. Moneyholders hve the power to grnt or withhold ccess to their money cpitl, nd it is this bility tht provides one of the mens through which monetry flows my disrupt the production process nd thereby socil provisioning. Hymn Minsky's [1986] finncil instbility hypothesis furthers the nlysis of the dilecticl reltionship between the rel nd finncil sectors. For firm to purchse physicl cpitl ssets it must often issue debt. Unlike its fixed debt obligtions, the firm's expected income flow is subject to uncertinty. Income flow depends on the level of ggregte demnd in the economy, fll in ggregte demnd being likely to cuse decline in the firm's sles nd income from which it services its debt. Should ggregte demnd fll fr enough, the firm my fce insolvency nd the instbility cn spred throughout the finncil system. It is Minsky's contention tht incresed dependence on corporte debt s mens of finncing investment in physicl cpitl hs incresed the possibility of substntil defltionry pressures should there be mjor downturn in economic ctivity. To dte, the extensive intervention of the welfre stte hs prevented recurrences of the mssive defltion experienced during the Gret Depression. Fiscl policy hs mintined dequte levels of ggregte demnd while, s the result of monetry policy, firms hve been ble to refinnce their debt, rther thn liquidte rel cpitl ssets tht hve lost vlue through defltion. Hence, s Dillrd noted [1987, 1644], n irony identified by Minsky's nlysis is tht while privte sector debt hs been destbilizing, the growth of public sector debt hs hd stbilizing effect on the rel sector of modern economies. The monetry theory of production my be extended to n nlysis of the interntionl economy. Ntionl centrl bnks hve used their lender of lst resort cpcities to provide short-term liquidity to bnks involved in interntionl finncil mrkets. The Finncil Derivtives Mrket Finncil derivtives re finncil contrcts

Using the knowledge of Hillsborough disaster, how far the resignation Essay

Using the knowledge of Hillsborough disaster, how far the resignation of Norman Bettison was appropriate - Essay Example With numerous peoples reportedly climbing on fences, the crush barrier collapsed. Following the investigations, Duckenfield told higher authorities that the sudden destruction was caused by people who rushed at the congested area (The Independent, 2012, p. 1; Hall, 2012, p. 1) The Taylor report however pointed failure of police control as the main cause of such tragedy (The Independent, 2012, p. 1; Hall, 2012, p. 1) Background of the case The independent investigation was reopened last September 2012 which exonerated the liabilities of Liverpool fans and revealed the omissions made by authorities to cover up the incident, including the concealment and alteration of statements from 164 respondents (Hall, 2012, p. 1). Findings further concluded that of those 96 fatalities, 41 could have been saved if immediately brought to hospital for medication. The report further bared that the situation could have been forecasted from the vantage of the security monitoring control box where records of mounted CCTVs are managed (The Independent, 2012, p. 1; Hall, 2012, p. 1). Dismayed by the findings, West Yorkshire chief constable Norman Bettison tendered his resignation on October 24, 2012 but denied blaming the football fans for the tragedy (The Independent, 2012, p. 1; Hall, 2012, p. 1). ... 1). Police authority vice-chair Les Carter  likewise publicly announced that Bettison’s resignation was appropriate for the institution that is currently saving its image and its performance management from the controversies (The Independent, 2012, p. 1; Hall, 2012, p. 1). Total Security Management Police enforcers that are tasked to enforce security management should have been acculturated of its role as authorities that can readily assess the indicators of vulnerabilities, risks, and possible disasters with the massive influx of people in an area (Whetten & Cameron, 1991, p. 1-87). The police should also have cared undertaking strategic plan about how to manage the people and ensure their security and safety (Whetten & Cameron, 1991, p. 1-87). They could have also made some measures to control the crowd and have readied all medical supports at bay for any possible dangers that may befall (Whetten & Cameron, 1991, p. 1-87). With supposed strategic plan at hand, those deploy ed at the site could have prevented the occurrence of the incident or could have, at the minimum, efficiently mitigated the disaster risks (Whetten & Cameron, 1991, p. 1-87). Their roles should have been clarified and they should have geographically analysed the capacity of the venue. But apparently, the lack of unified, strategic, and (post-accident) pro-active response to the situation proved that they lacked the capacity to employ total security management in the area. True, the situation might have been overwhelming but as the case is brought into administrative investigation, the team should have faced it with professionally and honestly-- without concealing and omitting necessary information that could shed light to such tragedy (Mindtools, 2012, p. 1). They should have

Independent research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Independent research - Essay Example The credit cards involve much risk such as theft, fraud, misuse of personal information, etc. however these risks can be managed by paying just a little attention to once financial position and the purchasing power. The card holder must communicate his rights and obligations to the issuing authority which strengthens their relationship and reduces risks (Anderson & Schroder, 2010). Credit cards offered by the Banks Credit cards are offered by the Banks to their customers, through whom they can make payments for online products, in shops, products available with the telemarketers, for paying bills of hotels and resorts, for paying fare, etc. As indicated by name they are based upon the credit system, the user of the card would have to pay interest to the bank whenever he makes payments through the credit card. The issuer of the card is the Bank itself which allows the consumers a continuous balance of debt with the interest payments. The idea of a credit card was emerged somewhere in 1887. The concept of the modern credit card was based on the idea of merchant credit schemes which were used among the companies to make payments. Later the horizon of the card become wide and it became available to the local public. Initially these cards were made of celluloid plastic but these days mostly polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is used. The credit card holder does not require having an account in the bank. Since the whole process revolves around the concept of credit therefore it is better to say that the card owner borrows some amount from the bank to make purchases which are later paid with an additional amount of interest. People often make purchases without considering their payback power that either they would be able to pay the credited amount to bank or not. Just in case if they are unable to pay their credits then they face the consequences of credit card debt. Whenever a purchase is made the card holder enters the personal identification number (PIN) on the basis of whi ch he will pay the Bank in future (Crouhy, Galai & Mark, 2010). Credit cards are often attached with lots of free goods and services that the consumers enjoy on their side whenever they make payments. These services are provided by the banks and different companies. For instance, if you use a credit card of the certain bank, then it will give you several transactional benefits and also easy payment methods. While on the other hand the companies give discounts or additional services to purchase their product. But to enjoy the extra services customers need to make purchases up to the required limit (Carrol, 2010). Now there are electronic devices available to check the balance and the purchasing power of the card holder instantly. The purchasing power of the card holder can also be analyzed by the security code printed on the card. This is usually done in online purchases or the one that are made over the telephone where the sales person verifies that either the customer is able to ma ke the payment or not. Every month the card holder receives a bill indicating all of his purchases and the final amount that he has to pay to the Bank. If the card holder is also having an account in the same bank then the unpaid balance is deducted from their otherwise he can choose to make the payment later with a late fee or additional interest amounts. Regulatory aspect of credit cards: In 2009, President Barrack Obama signed the credit card

Causes and Effects of Nuclear Energy

Causes and Effects of Nuclear Energy Energy is life, as life on this planet depends upon a fixed amount of energy (citation) . Modern industrialized energy sources, such as coal and petroleum, were originally utilized for their seeming promise of high energies yielded per unit volume. Now, there is a much cleaner source of energy, it is called Nuclear power. It originates from the splitting of uranium atoms in a process called fission (The Nuclear Energy Institute (2012). Power plants use fission processes to generate heat for producing steam, which is used by a turbine to generate electricity (The Nuclear Energy Institute (2012). This electricity is consumed by people. This essay will firstly discuss the environment as for cause for nuclear energy, and then detail its subsequent negative biological and environmental effects. Para 1 (Benefits) To begin with there are many causes of nuclear power, but the key focus is that nuclear power does not emit carbon dioxide; it is reliable and is very efficient compared to other sources of power such as fossil fuel and coal. No carbon emissions this the big selling point to environmentalists about nuclear power plants are that they are said to emit almost no carbon dioxide. Some prominent environmentalists have embraced nuclear power because they see the imminent threat of global warming outweighing the potential threat of localized nuclear meltdowns. But how true is the claim. Reliability of nuclear power plants need little fuel, so they are less vulnerable to shortages because of strikes or natural disasters. International relations will have little effect on the supply of fuel to the reactors because uranium is evenly deposited around the globe. As stated by The Nuclear Energy Institute 2012 one disadvantage of uranium mining is that it leaves the residues from chemical processing of the ore, which leads to radon exposure to the public. Safety the results of a compromised reactor core can be disastrous, but the precautions that prevent this from happening prevent it well. Nuclear power is one the safest methods of producing energy. As stated by The Nuclear Energy Institute 2012 each year, 10,000 to 50,000 Americans die from respiratory diseases due to the burning of coal, and 300 are killed in mining and transportation accidents. Transition However, Nuclear Power Plants also have negative characteristic. Specifically, Nuclear Power Plants use uranium, one of the rarest elements in nature and a non-renewable source. Secondly, Nuclear power plants are also very expensive to build. Furthermore, failures in the cooling system can cause potentially hazarders steam explosions. Lastly, too much exposure to radiation can be fatal or cause cancer, and even exposure to small amounts radioactive waste can be lethal. Para2 On the other hand, nuclear power negatively effects the environment as it is a catalyst for the devastation of nature resulting from meltdowns and waste disposal. Meltdowns occur when there is a loss of coolant water in a fission reactor, the rods would overheat. The rods that contain the uranium fuel pellets would dissolve, leaving the fuel exposed. The temperature would increase with the lack of a cooling source. As stated by Apikyyan and Diamond 2009. When the fuel rods heat to 2800Â °C, the fuel would melt, and a white-hot molten mass would melt its way through the containment vessels to the ground below it. Thus would lead to grammar-rays being exposed in the air which travel, if any living thing around the radius of three hundred and twenty one kilometres would get affected. Waste Disposal the biggest stumbling block in support of nuclear power is the question of what to do with 20-30 tons of radioactive waste that each reactor accrues annually. Currently, waste is stored at nuclear plants across the country as new waste storage schemes are devised then fought over, scrapped, revised and fought over again. Stated by the daily green 2012.The Nuclear Regulatory Commission has said that waste can continue to be stored at plants almost 60 years after they shut down. Para3 The energy of nuclear detonation effects the environment in three ways, which are: blast radiation, nuclear radiation and thermal radiation. The distribution of radiation depends on the kind of nuclear weapon and the place of a blast. As stated by Weart (year) For a low altitude atmospheric detonation of a moderate sized weapon in the kiloton range, the energy is distributed roughly as follows: 50% as blast; 35% as thermal radiation; and 10% as residual nuclear radiation. The second main kind of nuclear weapon is based on the fusion reactions. Thanks to these reactions a large amount of energy is produced. These kinds of bombs can be several times more powerful than fission bombs. This is explained by the fact that the fusion reaction can produce a larger amount of energy per same mass. The bombs which are based on the use of fusion reaction are named hydrogen bombs, thermonuclear bombs or fusion bombs. Only several countries in the world possess this kind of nuclear weapon. The fiss ion mechanism is used in order to start the process of fusion in these kind of bombs, according to Rhodes When the fission bomb is detonated, gamma and X-rays emitted at the speed of light first compress the fusion fuel, then heat it to thermonuclear temperatures Conclusion To conclude the effects of nuclear power is to dangerous in the long term as it will affect the environment and the people. The danger caused by the use of nuclear energy is the main argument of the opponents of this use. At the present moment nuclear energy is one of the most dangerous and destructive energies in the world. Nobody can guarantee that it will be used only for peaceful goals. Distressing facts from our history, such as Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombing or Chernobyl tragedy prove this. Antagonist of the nuclear energy use note that solar, wind or other renewable fuels are more effective and less dangerous types of fuels if to compare them with nuclear energy. References List Apikyyan, S Diamond, D. (2009). Nuclear Power and Energy Security. (1st ed)N.P. Springer Publishing. The daily green (2012). Nuclear Power, retrieved from http://www.thedailygreen.com/environmental-news/latest/nuclear-power-pro-con#ixzz2CLcUCD4F The Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI) (2012). Retrieved from www.nei.org. Rhodes, Richard. (1986). The Making of the Atomic Bomb. New York: Simon and Schuster. U.S. Department of Energy (2012). Retrieved from www.nuclear.energy.gov/ Weart, Spencer R. 1988. Nuclear Fear: A History of Images. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Natural Resources Defense Council (2012). What if the Fukushima nuclear fallout crisis had happened here? Retrieved from )http://www.nrdc.org/nuclear/fallout/ Nuclear Power and Energy Security edited by Samuel Apikyan, David Diamond World energy consumption has developed dramatically over the past few decades. This growth in energy demand will be driven by large increases in both economic growth and world population coupled with rising living standards in rapidly growing countries. This proceeding examines the status and future of nuclear power because of a belief that this technology is an important option for the regional and the world countries to meet the future energy needs without emitting carbon dioxide and other atmospheric pollutants. The objectives, addressed to government, industry, and academic leaders, discusses the interrelated technical, economic, environmental and political challenges facing a significant increase in the global nuclear power utilization over the next half century and what might be done to overcome those challenges. U.S. Department of Energy 2012. Electricity drives the U.S. economy. It powers our homes, offices, and industries; provides communications, entertainment, and medical services; powers computers, technology, and the Internet; and runs various forms of transportation. Electricity and the many technologies that it powers enhance the quality of life for our customers and contribute to the progress and success of our nation. Even as electric utilities and power suppliers work hard to meet the increasing demands of consumers, they are strongly committed to reducing the environmental impact of electric generation. As an industry, the electric power sector has implemented flexible and cost-effective voluntary programs to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for several years.

Areoplane Essay -- History, Inventions

Ratigan 1 The Airplane A cold breeze blows across the sand, and two men unknowingly about to make history. The men are Wilbur and Orville Wright. December 17, 1903 was the day and a mere five people were here to witness the historical feat(Brown 22). The invention of the airplane changed the way of life in many good ways but in bad ways as well. The Wright brothers were always interested in flight. As children their interest in flight was sparked by a toy rubber band helicopter their father gave them(Rinard 16). The boys attended a public school in Cedar Rapids( Brown, 20). Wilbur and Orville were the only members of their family who did not go to college( Brown 21). Instead the two of them opened a bicycle shop still keeping their interest in flight an understudy. The flight was not just a one day miracle. The brothers failed over fifty times, and never giving up trying everything possible until they finally their years of failure changed. The plane was not patented until January 22, 1904(Brown 22). First planes were far from high quality compared to planes of today. The propeller blades were made of wood and had a steel frame(Nahum 30). Yet to the technology of the time the invention was miraculous. Before this people could only be in the air for short limited time. Gliders and hot air balloons were the main way of flight. Many attempts had been made to fly with control somewhat like a bird. The Wright brothers plane gave the world the features of control and precision. The Wright brothers did not receive the instant fame which was definitely apparent. In fact many did not believe that the flight took place. Wilbur and Orville fin... ...the fastest plane the SR-71 flew at two thousand one hundred ninety three miles per hour(â€Å"Facts about Airplanes†). Passenger airlines The Airplane Ratigan 4 have affected the everyday person. By enabling them to fly from long areas instead of driving or riding in a train. The Boeing 737 weighs in at one hundred fifty thousands pounds(â€Å"Facts about Planes†). Boeing came about in 1970 and as made flying much more affordable(Nahum 35). Airplanes have through our history have changed the world. In so many good ways that can not be expressed in words, by bringing troops to safety to taking supplies to those in need. The worst is remembered the best like 9/11 or the planes that go down with passengers aboard. So many cases of bad experiences have occurred that maybe the world would be a better place without the airplane.

Homework Should Not Be Abolished Essay

School without homework is not an image I can fathom. There are many reasons homework should not be abolished as it is beneficial towards the student, allows the teacher to acknowledge the student’s weaknesses; in turn giving them an opportunity to improve and acquire new skills. Also, taking time each night to do homework is a chance for students to catch up on missed class and further reinforces the day’s lessons so it is permanently etched in the student’s mind where the information is stored and used when called upon. see more:why should homework be banned Several studies have proven that homework, in fact, does improve the stability of the student in school; this strengthens the statement that time spent completing homework is time well spent. Rather than giving students another hour of leisure time, doing homework entitles the student to an hour of enriched education; this can greatly benefit the student, as consistently finishing homework will reap great rewards such as a favorable test score or report card. Why are we posing such a ludicrous question about the possible abolishment of homework if doing homework is what it takes to succeed in school? It is a common emotion to students regarding the distaste of homework, but legions of teachers know better because they recognize the importance of homework in the success of students in school and outside of school. Not only homework benefit the student, it also benefits the teacher as well. Teachers receive the opportunity to see at what stage the student is by assigning homework. Furthermore, the teacher can identify the weaknesses of the student so they can improve their study habits in hopes of pulling their grades up. On the other hand, if teachers were to abandon the idea of homework altogether, they would have to base the majority of the student’s mark on tests alone.

Relationship of relationships Essay

Statistics on suicides show either positive or negative correlations with suicidal tendencies. There are then vulnerabilities but there are also mitigating circumstances or resistance to committing suicidal acts. Age level, ethnicity, gender or sexual orientation and affiliations were found out to somehow relate to occurrence of suicide. The individual’s state of mind and history of mental illness are shown as factors to consider. To properly situate these findings, we therefore define the key elements of a synthesis from the three disciplines used in the study. We came up with the following: 1. There is a sort of an internal progression line and a parallel social time line The relationship between these two line is like lock and key, based on fitness but in a very dynamic setting subject to sudden â€Å"twists and turns† along the way of integration or its opposite alienation. The situation made more complex as social situations are not usually homogenous. Variation in individual progression may not be the same. Alienation then could continue with the social situation for the individual deteorating as well because of its regression into greater alienation. 2. Reason for living There are levels of ideation, fairness for example is simpler than being just and in the same manner looking at life as a skill of how to handle the complex of emotion and reasoning in relation to social information daily being processed and given the vulnerabilities, intervention could be crafted and social vectors who or which will carry it out properly identified, invited and oriented. The purpose is not really educational or mentoring but engagement in real life social situations. Gaining insights in preventing suicides Taking bits of wisdom from different disciplines affords a view of world against a new light and in concerns such as suicide; a fundamental realization of the value of life in contrast to losing the reason for living is of paramount importance. Combining psychology, sociology and religious perspective gave us this opportunity (Table 1). Table 1. Generated insights used in the study from the three disciplines Discipline Insights Psychology The perception of self could be more decisive than the nature of self as determinant of action. Perception is a product of cognition. Suicide is a form of self annihilation. Could be a product of â€Å"dark cognition† Sociology Group setting is integral in developing self. The value system is as fundamental as the relational in group or social networks. Suicide as a syndrome has social context, a form of conflict resolution which is acceptable in some cultures (Masada, Seppuku in Japanese culture). Religion The value of life is above life. The objective of life is purification. Suicide is a sin not on life but a sin of arrogance that life is for us to take. A continuing exploration on life There is that saying that life is always a search for completion and which forms one of the great motivations in human development. In the same vein, this effort is an exploration traversing perhaps what Kolberg’s describe as the higher stages. The integration of the different perspectives may not be perfect as each of the disciplines have their own attributes which could be taken as either strength or weaknesses (Table 2). Table 2. Strengths and weaknesses of the three disciplines used in this study Discipline Strengths Weaknesses Psychology Probes into the nature of self and will on human behavior including dark acts such as suicide. The apparent stand off in the nature and cognition Sociology Relates self and social processes of integration or alienation Unpredictability of human behavior or dynamic shifts. Social senses may not be keen enough and sensitive enough to notice risk situations or situations leading to suicides. Religion Externalization of the value and meaning of life. Morally grounded. Tendency to mystification of mundane and human nature.

Cultural Relativism or Ethical Imperialism Essays

Cultural Relativism or Ethical Imperialism Essays Cultural Relativism or Ethical Imperialism Paper Cultural Relativism or Ethical Imperialism Paper Edited by Claude E. Welch, Jr. Belmont Ca. : Duxbury Press, 1971. Shaw, William H. and Barry, Vincent. Moral Issues in Business, 7th Ed. Belmont CA. : Wadsworth, 1998. Stone, Walter J. Republic at Risk. Belmont CA: Wadsworth, 1990 Throneberg, Cathy with Harder, Cliff. â€Å"Bribery: Coming to terms with a moral dilemma. † Evangelical Missions Quarterly. Vol. 35, No. 1 (January 1999): 35-37. Versi, Anver. On corruption and corrupters. † African Business, (November 1996): 7. Vogl, Frank. â€Å"The supply side of global bribery. † Finance Development, Vol. 35, No. 2 (June 1998): 30-33. (20) Ward, Peter M. , Editor. Corruption, Development and Inequality: Soft Touch or Hard Graft? New York: Routledge, 1989. Weber, James, and Getz, Kathleen. â€Å"Buy Bribes or Bye-Bye Bribes: The Future Status of Bribery in International Commerce. † Business Ethics Quarterly, Vol. 14, Issue 4 (2004): 695-711. Wertheime r, Alan. Coercion. Princeton University Press, 1987. Wilkens, Steve. Beyond Bumper Sticker Ethics. Downers Grove, Il: IVP, 1995. (21) APPENDIX Notes on the Literature The objectives of this paper have been to analyze the morality of bribery and corruption and to help the Christian professional acquire the beginnings of wisdom in dealing with the challenges of this difficult ethical issue. The author hopes that many professors will be able to use this paper to incorporate a module on bribery and corruption into courses in ethics, international business, business policy, etc. It is hoped that some will even be motivated to extend this research and that the extensive reference list will be helpful in this regard. John Noonan? s voluminous work, Bribes, is the definitive Judeo-Christian analysis of the topic, and is recommended as a primary reference. Bernard Adeney offers an alternative Christian viewpoint which is rooted in praxis, relies heavily on the analytical frameworks of moral philosophy as opposed to Noonan? s more theological treatment, and reaches more relativistic and less deontological conclusions. DeGeorge and Donaldson are the two secular ethicists who have reflected most extensively on this topic in the international business context. Paolo Mauro? seminal research on the relationship between economic development and corruption in the mid 1990? s influenced the World Bank and IMF to become activists in the fight against corruption, and undoubtedly gave impetus to the increasing activism of the OECD. Gray and Kaufmann of the World Bank provide a helpful overview of the economic costs of corruption and its impact on economic development in their 1998 paper. The Weber and Getz pap er in Business Ethics Quarterly in late 2004 gives the best current review of the academic literature on bribery and of the status of the global efforts to curb bribery and corruption. One will quickly discover that the literature on the micro level (that is, directed at personal and organizational decision makers) tends to delineate the extent of bribery and analyze its morality rather than to offer any practical suggestions to the ethical individual or firm for coping with the reality of corruption in a fallen world. The works of Gesteland and DeGeorge cited in this paper are the rare exceptions that offer extremely helpful coping mechanisms illustrated by numerous cases. The academic literature, as elaborated below, focuses its attention on the macro policy initiatives which can be taken by governments and international trade and financial organizations. These macro considerations don? t offer much help to the company negotiating a transnational contract or to the mission organization seeking visas or government permits. For the most part I have observed that Christian organizations maintain a deafening silence on this topic even though international missions and humanitarian aid professionals obviously encounter excruciating pressures to bribe or submit to extortion as they pursue their missions. In this light Evangelical Missions Quarterly is to be commended for devoting its January 1999 issue to several provocative articles dealing with bribery. Those teaching classes in Auditing, Business Law, or Forensic Accounting and those concerned with compliance with current regulations regarding bribery will find two papers published in 2004 to be especially helpful. Johnstone, Brown and Wickizer provide a comprehensive review of the legislative response to bribery in the USA and UK including a fairly detailed description of applicable regulatory provisions. Herz and Larson explore the accounting and internal control (22) requirements of the FCPA for companies and discuss tools that internal auditors can use to assess and deal with the risk that illegal payments will be made by their organizations in connection with international activities. They advocate the use of the Bribe Payers Index (BPI) published by Transparency International. Finally, in view of the restricted focus of this paper as outlined above, let me point out that my references do not attempt to survey the extensive literature on bribery dealing with structural and cultural elements of causation on both the supply and demand sides of corruption nor the public policy initiatives which might help ameliorate the problem. The 2004 paper of Sanyal and Samanta would provide a sample of this class of literature and its list of references would provide a helpful starting point for further research. They conclude: â€Å"There is a strong positive correlation between countries where bribes taking is highly prevalent and those countries that are most likely to offer bribes. The propensity to give bribes is determined by economic factors such as per capita income and degree of economic freedom in the country, cultural factors such as power distance and masculinity, and legal-regulatory factors such as accounting and tax treatment of bribes† (Abstract). â€Å"Countries with high scores on power distance, masculinity, and uncertainty avoidance are perceived to be more corrupt† (11). The paper by Janos Bertok, a functionary of OECD, provides another example of this literature. He outlines OECD initiatives in the fight against corruption with some specificity and argues for structural reform. â€Å"In OECD work on public sector ethics, corruption is seen as more than individual criminal actions, but rather the result of systematic failure and a management problem. This is manifested by lowquality legislation and by weak public institutions that do not enforce laws, and even more, fail to provide adequate control, oversight, and transparency† (Abstract). 9/6/05 (23)

Differences between Leadership and Management and Three Assignment

Differences between Leadership and Management and Three Characteristics of Each Concept - Assignment Example The paper tells that three main characteristics that go, to sum up, the position of manager are that they are impersonal, efficient and focus their attention and energy on the short-term results for the organization besides being efficient, orderly and open to taking risks. On the leadership front, the three chief characteristics they possess would be are flexibility, innovation and their objectives and strategies would focus on long-term goals. Though their goals may be the same, the marked difference is that leaders concern themselves with what things mean to people, while managers concern themselves about how to get people to make them perform better to achieve their goals. In the managerial cadre, there are different levels and the skills and responsibilities that go with it. Each level has its own purpose and goals to achieve or satisfy a particular level. However, all managers share common ground on certain things such as understanding their position and what is expected of the m, networking, keeping good interpersonal relationships and managing the time, demands and constraints of the activities going on in their level. Managers do play a very vital and pivotal role in the organization as they are the main link that ropes together the different people and their departments and holds it together as an integral whole. In today’s organizations, the post of manager is critical because each level needs skills and capacity to satisfy this position. Some of the different managerial levels include Supervising, Decision making and Planning, Monitoring, Controlling, Coordinating, Consulting, and Administering. Each of these levels comes with a job responsibility and accountability and unless their skills and capabilities are adequate enough for a particular level, it is not possible to make a success of it. ideas for making progress as a whole.

Comparing Wal-Mart in the U.S. and Unilever Company in U.K Essay

Comparing Wal-Mart in the U.S. and Unilever Company in U.K - Essay Example The two companies have similarities in their undertaking of the day to day functions and also in their formation. First is that both have their constitution in place that governs its operation. This helps the company not to act ultra vires which are an offense and the company could be held liable. Second is that both are legal corporations that are independent of its stakeholders and liable for any illegal activity. The company in both U.S and U.K are viewed as a legal person who can contract and be liable for any breach (LEIDEN UNIVERSITY & RICKFORD, 2003). The third is that both companies are multinational companies that have gone global in their operations. This has been made successful by the availability of good management structures within the companies that are able to embrace changes in technology hence gaining competitive advantage (TYSON, 1997). Next is that their major aim to maximize their profit be reducing cost and maximizing output in all their operations. Being able to develop from tiny companies to very large multinational companies is key evidence that they have been able to maximize their shareholder's wealth. Fifth is that they both have embraced different managerial styles from different scholars. For example, both companies have embraced the division and specialization of work within their companies. This includes different departments with employees who can perform the task involved more effective and efficient ways. In both companies, the major target is the consumers.

Should the U.S. step back its relationship with Israel Research Paper

Should the U.S. step back its relationship with Israel - Research Paper Example For instance, the Liberty Bell inscribes that â€Å"Proclaim liberty throughout all the land unto all the inhabitants thereof†, a statement that is taken from Old Testament scripture, Leviticus 25:10 (West, 2012). More so, the common U.S slogan â€Å"In God We Trust† came up through the influence of the Jews. Ideally, the relationship between U.S and Israel strengthened and thrived over the decades. However, the current state of the relationship seems to waver due to intensified conflicts between Israel and its neighbors known as the Middle East, where U.S intervention and objective of uniformly uniting all the warring countries seem to create bad blood from Israel, who expects U.S to back it up in spite of its reasons behind the conflict. This paper will review the current question causing heated debates on the political scene on whether or not U.S should step back its relationship with Israel. The current relationship between United States and Israel is considered as an important factor by U.S government and its overall policy. This is because congress has been and still is supporting and maintaining the relationship. The congressional research service portrays the evidence by quoting George Bush’s government prime minister Ariel Sharon saying, â€Å"‘there exists a deep friendship between Israel and U.S. - between our peoples and countries. The basis of this friendship is common values, a commitment to democratic values, freedom, peace, and common interests, including the drive toward regional stability and preventing terrorism and violence†, (ProCon, 2007). The reason unto why these two countries share a strong bond is because the share a lot in common that include deeply held self-reliance principles, religious freedom, individual responsibility, similar passion for innovation and entrepreneurship and above all they share a common enemy in radical I slam. In this regard, U.S

Wedding Proposal Essay Example for Free

Wedding Proposal Essay Now that you’ve made the decision to get married you may feel overwhelmed with all of the planning, arranging and organizing that goes into achieving that perfect wedding you’ve always dreamed of. No need to panic, however. I will be with you every step of the way, acting as your advisor when needed, coordinator, confidant, organizer, travel planner, fashion advisor and anything else you might need to make your special day all that you have dreamed of. I will personally see to all of the details, making sure everything stays within budget and comes together as smoothly as possible, with the least amount of delays so that you are left free of stress and able to enjoy the celebration of the beginning of your new lives together. SCOPE: Planning and executing a wedding with all of its intricate parts is a very involved process. I understand this and, as your Project Manager, I will work diligently with you from the beginning until you are happily on your way to enjoy your honeymoon. Every detail, no matter how miniscule or grand, will be effectively and efficiently seen to and followed closely by my expert Quality Assurance and Quality Control practices. I will listen to your wishes and implement as many as feasible, leaving you less stress and more time to enjoy. Consider me your Subject Matter Expert; helping at every stage, from picking the perfect location, bridal gown and groom’s attire, ceremony, reception, music, food, and all of the little things that mean so much to your special day. COST: The average cost of a wedding is around $20,000. This price usually does not include consultant fees (Penn Foster). My goal is to work with you to stay well within your budget, providing you with the best possible wedding day, and possibly having extra left over from your budget to spend on your honeymoon. Approximate time scale leading up to the day of the wedding: * 12 months before: Locate and book the locations for the wedding and reception and order the wedding gown. * 6-9 months before: Choose and order flower arrangements, audition and book the band, choose the caterer and menu, order bridesmaids’ dresses, pick out the wedding party gifts and book the photographer. *4-6 months before: Finalize guest list and arrange guest hotel and other accommodations, order the wedding cake, choose and order invitations and thank you cards, order any other decorations. * 2-4 months before: Finalize the ceremony and vows. * 4-8 weeks before: Send out invitations, bridal shower, finalizing all plans (Little Wedding Guide). IMPLEMENTATION: You and your partner are essential to accomplishing your ideal wedding. Your input, ideas, feelings and cooperation along with my expertise, knowledge, and enthusiasm will help us achieve the greatest results. There are many horror stories describing wedding disasters that leave bride and groom fearful and full of dread, afraid these disasters will permeate their wedding day as well. Rest assured that I am constantly assessing all risks, monitoring each and every situation, and running interference while we ramp up to your event. Together we will plan and execute every aspect, making sure all deadlines are met so that your wedding will go according to schedule and within your budget, giving you peace of mind and a wonderful beginning to your new lives. References Little Wedding Guide. Retrieved March 25, 2010, from http://www. littleweddingguide. com/planning/ Penn Foster Career School. Retrieved March 25, 2010, from http://www. pennfoster. edu/bridalconsultant/index. html Project Management Basics Glossary. Retrieved March 25, 2010, from http://www. allpm. com/

Looking At The Communication Problems Of Databases Information Technology Essay

Looking At The Communication Problems Of Databases Information Technology Essay List the problems you experienced when you carried out a recent assignment. Try to put these problems into some order of magnitude. For each problem consider whether there was some way in which the problem could have been reduced by better organisation and planning by yourself. Client contacts always could not save on database. It cause serious error and network problems. Sometime client information cannot be updated. We need network administrators that can configuring and maintaining the server to make sure the process are always smooth. Too many man power jobs. Need to manually search information with paper by one by one. We need a database administrator to import all the information into the database. Therefore, staff can search information easily by just searching the keywords. Communication does not go well between the staff. Sometimes staff need to share something interesting or share their knowledge, they just cannot speak out with sudden. A communication application is needed. We need a website administrator. They need to ensuring web servers are always online and maintain the website. With the web servers, staff can simply login to the forum and share their thought. 2. Identify the main types of personnel employed in an ICT department. For each stage of a typical ICT development project, list the types of personnel who are likely to be involved. Project Manager They able communicate with other project members. They manage multiple information and technology projects. They can lead the team to planning and developing. They also need to keep documentation from the projects. Webmaster They need to ensure web servers are always online and maintaining the website. They can create website and responsible for the content, quality and style of the website. Database Administrator They responsible to implements and maintain the database server. They also need to improve the performance and capacity issues so that there is no duplicate record in the database. Always make sure the accuracy and security of data are maintained. Network and Security Administrator Their duties are prevent and monitor unauthorized access. Those misused, illegal action, modification through the network will get the deny request. They develop and maintain IT security solutions including firewalls and antivirus. IT Technician They install and able to maintain multi-platform network computer environments. They must have strong understand when face the problem and able to solve it. They also investigate, troubleshoot and resolve end-user problems. A public library is considering the implementation of a computer-based system to help administer book loans at libraries. Identify the stakeholders in such a project. What might be the objectives of such a project and how might the success of the project be measured in practical terms? There are few stakeholders who involved are project manager, programmers, database administrator, and librarian. The objective to implement this computer-based system is make the librarian can use the system easier, can search borrower information easier with a short time, and save paper work, all just key in to the computer and save it. By a practical test, programmers should probably do their best and there is error free from the system. While librarian using the system, if they feel comfortable and the system is user-friendly, then they will feel happy with it. That how is success of the project. 4. A software house has developed a customised order processing system for a client. You are an employee of the software house that has been asked to organize a training course for the end-users of the system. At present, a user handbook has been produced, but no specific training material. A plan is now needed for the project which will set up the delivery of the training courses. The project can be assumed to have been completed when the first training course starts. Among the things that will need to be considered are the following: Training materials will need to be designed and created; A timetable will need to be drafted and agreed; Date(s) for the course will need to be arranged; The people attending the course will need to be identified and notified; Rooms and computer facilities for the course will need to be provided for. Identify the main stakeholders for this project; Draw up a statement of the objectives for this project; For the objectives, identify the measures of effectiveness; For each objective, identify relevant sub-objectives or goals and who would be responsible for each of them Human Resource Manager, Project Manager, Software Developer and Instructor Instructor will teach the user how to use the system and understand how the system works. Instructor need to make sure every user know each of the steps of using the system. Software developer need to create a user-friendly system so that user would not feel complex or sophisticated when using the system. User would feel satisfied if they manage to fully understand the whole system. Users able to understand all the system will be achieved, if the following goals are achieved, Specific, all the training must be well-defined. Measurable, try to get customer satisfaction. Achievable, instructor able to give user to fully understand the system or system is user-friendly so that user would not feel frustrated when using the system. Relevant, the objective that be stated should relate to purpose of the project. Time constrained, instructor needed to set a timeline when should be start and when should be end. Therefore, there is no dragging or delay for the training course. 5. The idea behind a project is that students should be able to access details of available placements via an intranet. When there is a placement opportunity for which they wish to be considered, they would be able to apply for it electronically. This would cause a copy of their CV, which would also be held on-line to be sent to the potential employer. Details of interviews and placement offers would all be sent by e-mail. While some human intervention would be needed, the process would be automated as far as possible. You are required to produce a business case report for such an application, which justifies the potential development by showing that the values of its potential benefits outweigh its development and operational costs. Create lists of the main benefits and costs for the project. You do not have to specify actual figures, just the headings under which they would appear. Cost Salary of Manager : RM4000 Salary of Programmer : RM2500 Development cost : RM500-RM1000 Deployment cost : RM2500-RM3000 To build up a system and paying the wages for the employee, approximately total need RM10, 000 that needed to be invested. Benefit Quantifiable: With the development, deployment and operation cost, programmers able to create a good quantity system. Non-quantifiable: In order to let the student use the system, we must satisfy the student need. So, as a conclusion, although costing is more than benefit, but it is worth to do so, this is because we could create a good and useful system, make student work easier and satisfy student need. That is worth for it by everything.

Margaret Atwood use of Language and Narrative Technique in The Handmaid

From the outset of 'The Handmaids Tale' the reader is placed in an unknown world, where the rights and freedom of women have been taken away. We follow the narrative journey of a handmaid, named Offred. Throughout the first 15 Chapters we are provided with information, as narrated by Offred, with glimpses of her past life and her journey to the life she is now facing. These glimpses are not logical in their sequencing or chronological in the narration, therefore creating a feeling of disorientation among readers, a feeling matching that experienced by those living in this society. This also provokes many questions in the reader’s mind along with creating tension and expectation as to the nature of the procreation which we have come to understand is the function of the handmaids. Although the reader is made aware of the structure and methods of control within Gilead, none of the information provided can begin to prepare the reader for the way in which 'The Ceremony' is undertaken. We are first provided with hints as to what is required of the handmaids at the beginning of the dystopia, with the mention of the Red Centre. A place where shockingly a process of conditioning is undertaken with armed guards around the fences and the women in charge carrying electric pods, suggesting it is a controlled place, but also raises the question as to why such methods of control are required. The shocking fact that the women have to lip read, again reveals to the reader how strict and controlled this society is along with providing the feeling of fear the handmaids must be experiencing. There is also a monthly visit to the gynecologist, but on the occasion described, this routine check is made rather sinister with the doctor offerin... ...o watch is shocking whilst â€Å"as an effigy† makes the reader wonder whether Serena maybe feeling like the person on top of a tomb, dead. Offred once again reveals her fair handedness, â€Å"Which of us is it worse for, her or me?† This represents Offred to be a strong person, as following such a scenario, she isn’t thinking of herself alone, she is thinking about the feelings of the wife. It isn’t until the next section the reader comes to realise Ofred's true feelings towards the Ceremony, 'I want to steal something.' This reveals to the reader, Ofred needs to feel as though she does have some kind of power over her life, and with the scene with Nick shows how she longs to be appreciated for who she is instead of just being a sex object, this again results in sympathy for Offred and what the other handmaids must feel like in a situation such as this.

Prelude to Foundation Chapter 3 University

STREELING UNIVERSITY-†¦ An institution of higher learning in the Streeling Sector of ancient Trantor†¦ Despite all these claims to fame in the fields of the humanities and sciences alike, it is not for those that the University looms large in today's consciousness. It would probably have come as a total surprise to the generations of scholars at the University to know that in later times Streeling University would be most remembered because a certain Hari Seldon, during the period of The Flight, had been in residence there for a short time. Encyclopedia Galactica 11. Hari Seldon remained uncomfortably silent for a while after Hummin's quiet statement. He shrank within himself in sudden recognition of his own deficiencies. He had invented a new science: psychohistory. He had extended the laws of probability in a very subtle manner to take into account new complexities and uncertainties and had ended up with elegant equations in innumerable unknowns. Possibly an infinite number; he couldn't tell. But it was a mathematical game and nothing more. He had psychohistory-or at least the basis of psychohistory but only as a mathematical curiosity. Where was the historical knowledge that could perhaps give some meaning to the empty equations? He had none. He had never been interested in history. He knew the outline of Heliconian history. Courses in that small fragment of the human story had, of course, been compulsory in the Heliconian schools. But what was there beyond that? Surely what else he had picked up was merely the bare skeletons that everyone gathered-half legend, the other half surely distorted. Still, how could one say that the Galactic Empire was dying? It had existed for ten thousand years as an accepted Empire and even before that, Trantor, as the capital of the dominating kingdom, had held what was a virtual empire for two thousand years. The Empire had survived the early centuries when whole sections of the Galaxy would now and then refuse to accept the end of their local independence. It had survived the vicissitudes that went with the occasional rebellions, the dynastic wars, some serious periods of breakdown. Most worlds had scarcely been troubled by such things and Trantor itself had grown steadily un til it was the worldwide human habitation that now called itself the Eternal World. To be sure, in the last four centuries, turmoil had increased somehow and there had been a rash of Imperial assassinations and takeovers. But even that was calming down and right now the Galaxy was as quiet as it had ever been. Under Cleon I and before him under his father, Stanel VI, the worlds were prosperous-and Cleon himself was not considered a tyrant. Even those who disliked the Imperium as an institution rarely had anything truly bad to say about Cleon, much as they might inveigh against Eto Demerzel. Why, then, should Hummin say that the Galactic Empire was dying-and with such conviction? Hummin was a journalist. He probably knew Galactic history in some detail and he had to understand the current situation in great detail. Was it this that supplied him with the knowledge that lay behind his statement? In that case, just what was the knowledge? Several times Seldon was on the point of asking, of demanding an answer, but there was something in Hummin's solemn face that stopped him. And there was something in his own ingrained belief that the Galactic Empire was a given, an axiom, the foundation stone on which all argument rested that prevented him too. After all, if that was wrong, he didn't want to know. No, he couldn't believe that he was wrong. The Galactic Empire could no more come to an end than the Universe itself could. Or, if the Universe did end, then-and only then-would the Empire end. Seldon closed his eyes, attempting to sleep but, of course, he could not. Would he have to study the history of the Universe in order to advance his theory of psychohistory? How could he? Twenty-five million worlds existed, each with its own endlessly complex history. How could he study all that? There were book-films in many volumes, he knew, that dealt with Galactic history. He had even skimmed one once for some now-forgotten reason and had found it too dull to view even halfway through. The book-films had dealt with important worlds. With some, it dealt through all or almost all their history; with others, only as they gained importance for a time and only till they faded away. He remembered having looked up Helicon in the index and having found only one citation. He had punched the keys that would turn up that citation and found Helicon included in a listing of worlds which, on one occasion, had temporarily lined up behind a certain claimant to the Imperial throne who had failed to make good his claim. Helicon had escaped retribution on that occasion, probably because it was not even sufficiently important to be punished. What good was such a history? Surely, psychohistory would have to take into account the actions and reactions and interactions of each world-each and every world. How could one study the history of twenty-five million worlds and consider all their possible interactions? It would surely be an impossible task and this was just one more reinforcement of the general conclusion that psychohistory was of theoretical interest but could never be put to any practical use. Seldon felt a gentle push forward and decided that the air-taxi must be decelerating. â€Å"What's up?† he asked. â€Å"I think we've come far enough,† said Hummin, â€Å"to risk a small stopover for a bite to eat, a glass of something or other, and a visit to a washroom.† And, in the course of the next fifteen minutes, during which the air-taxi slowed steadily, they came to a lighted recess. The taxi swerved inward and found a parking spot among five or six other vehicles. 12. Hummin's practiced eye seemed to take in the recess, the other taxis, the diner, the walkways, and the men and women all at a glance. Seldon, trying to look inconspicuous and again not knowing how, watched him, trying not to do so too intently. When they sat down at a small table and punched in their orders, Seldon, attempting to sound indifferent, said, â€Å"Everything okay?† â€Å"Seems so,† said Hummin. â€Å"How can you tell?† Hummin let his dark eyes rest on Seldon for a moment. â€Å"Instinct,† he said. â€Å"Years of news gathering. You look and know, ‘No news here.' â€Å" Seldon nodded and felt relieved. Hummin might have said it sardonically, but there must be a certain amount of truth to it. His satisfaction did not last through the first bite of his sandwich. He looked up at Hummin with his mouth full and with a look of hurt surprise on his face. Hummin said, â€Å"This is a wayside diner, my friend. Cheap, fast, and not very good. The food's homegrown and has an infusion of rather sharp yeast. Trantorian palates are used to it.† Seldon swallowed with difficulty. â€Å"But back in the hotel-â€Å" â€Å"You were in the Imperial Sector, Seldon. Food is imported there and where microfood is used it is high-quality. It is also expensive.† Seldon wondered whether to take another bite. â€Å"You mean that as long as I stay on Trantor-â€Å" Hummin made a hushing motion with his lips. â€Å"Don't give anyone the impression that you're used to better. There are places on Trantor where to be identified as an aristocrat is worse than being identified as an Outworlder. The food won't be so bad everywhere, I assure you. These wayside places have a reputation for low quality. If you can stomach that sandwich, you'll be able to eat anywhere on Trantor. And it won't hurt you. It's not decayed or bad or anything like that. It just has a harsh, strong taste and, honestly, you may grow accustomed to it. I've met Trantorians who spit out honest food and say it lacks that homegrown tang.† â€Å"Do they grow much food on Trantor?† asked Seldon. A quick side glance showed him there was no one seated in the immediate vicinity and he spoke quietly. â€Å"I've always heard it takes twenty surrounding worlds to supply the hundreds of freight ships required to feed Trantor every day.† â€Å"I know. And hundreds to carry off the load of wastes. And if you want to make the story really good, you say that the same freight ships carry food one way and waste the other. It's true that we import considerable quantities of food, but that's mostly luxury items. And we export considerable waste, carefully treated into inoffensiveness, as important organic fertilizer-every bit as important to other worlds as the food is to us. But that's only a small fraction of the whole.† â€Å"It is?† â€Å"Yes. In addition to fish in the sea, there are gardens and truck farms everywhere. And fruit trees and poultry and rabbits and vast microorganism farms-usually called yeast farms, though the yeast makes up a minority of the growths. And our wastes are mostly used right here at home to maintain all that growth. In fact, in many ways Trantor is very much like an enormous and overgrown space settlement. Have you ever visited one of those?† â€Å"Indeed I have.† â€Å"Space settlements are essentially enclosed cities, with everything artificially cycled, with artificial ventilation, artificial day and night, and so on. Trantor is different only in that even the largest space settlement has a population of only ten million and Trantor has four thousand times that. Of course, we have real gravity. And no space settlement can match us in our microfoods. We have yeast vats, fungal vats, and algae ponds vast beyond the imagination. And we are strong on artificial flavoring, added with no light hand. That's what gives the taste to what you're eating.† Seldon had gotten through most of his sandwich and found it not as offensive as the first bite had been. â€Å"And it won't affect me?† â€Å"It does hit the intestinal flora and every once in a while it afflicts some poor Outworlder with diarrhea, but that's rare, and you harden even to that quickly. Still, drink your milkshake, which you probably won't like. It contains an antidiarrhetic that should keep you safe, even if you tend to be sensitive to such things.† Seldon said querulously, â€Å"Don't talk about it, Hummin. A person can be suggestible to such things.† â€Å"Finish the milkshake and forget the suggestibility.† They finished the rest of their meal in silence and soon were on their way again. 13. They were now racing rapidly through the tunnel once more. Seldon decided to give voice to the question that had been nagging at him for the last hour or so. â€Å"Why do you say the Galactic Empire is dying?† Hummin turned to look at Seldon again. â€Å"As a journalist, I have statistics poured into me from all sides till they're squeezing out of my ears. And I'm allowed to publish very little of it. Trantor's population is decreasing. Twenty-five years ago, it stood at almost forty-five billion. â€Å"Partly, this decrease is because of a decline in the birthrate. To be sure, Trantor never has had a high birthrate. If you'll look about you when you're traveling on Trantor, you won't encounter very many children, considering the enormous population. But just the same it's declining. Then too there is emigration. People are leaving Trantor in greater numbers than are arriving.† â€Å"Considering its large population,† said Seldon, â€Å"that's not surprising.† â€Å"But it's unusual just the same because it hasn't happened before. Again, all over the Galaxy trade is stagnating. People think that because there are no rebellions at the moment and because things are quiet that all is well and that the difficulties of the past few centuries are over. However, political infighting, rebellions, and unrest are all signs of a certain vitality too. But now there's a general weariness. It's quiet, not because people are satisfied and prosperous, but because they're tired and have given up.† â€Å"Oh, I don't know,† said Seldon dubiously. â€Å"I do. And the antigrav phenomenon we've talked about is another case in point. We have a few gravitic lifts in operation, but new ones aren't being constructed. It's an unprofitable venture and there seems no interest in trying to make it profitable. The rate of technological advance has been slowing for centuries and is down to a crawl now. In some cases, it has stopped altogether. Isn't this something you've noticed? After all, you're a mathematician.† â€Å"I can't say I've given the matter any thought.† â€Å"No one does. It's accepted. Scientists are very good these days at saying that things are impossible, impractical, useless. They condemn any speculation at once. You, for instance-What do you think of psychohistory? It is theoretically interesting, but it is useless in any practical sense. Am I right?† â€Å"Yes and no,† said Seldon, annoyed. â€Å"It is useless in any practical sense, but not because my sense of adventure has decayed, I assure you. It really it useless.† â€Å"That, at least,† said Hummin with a trace of sarcasm, â€Å"is your impression in this atmosphere of decay in which all the Empire lives.† â€Å"This atmosphere of decay,† said Seldon angrily, â€Å"is your impression. Is it possible that you are wrong?† Hummin stopped and for a moment appeared thoughtful. Then he said, â€Å"Yes, I might be wrong. I am speaking only from intuition, from guesses. What I need is a working technique of psychohistory.† Seldon shrugged and did not take the bait. He said, â€Å"I don't have such a technique to give you.-But suppose you're right. Suppose the Empire it running down and will eventually stop and fall apart. The human species will still exist.† â€Å"Under what conditions, man? For nearly twelve thousand years, Trantor, under strong rulers, has largely kept the peace. There've been interruptions to that-rebellions, localized civil wars, tragedy in plenty-but, on the whole and over large areas, there has been peace. Why is Helicon so pro-Imperium? Your world, I mean. Because it is small and would be devoured by its neighbors were it not that the Empire keeps it secure.† â€Å"Are you predicting universal war and anarchy if the Empire fails?† â€Å"Of course. I'm not fond of the Emperor or of the Imperial institutions in general, but I don't have any substitute for it. I don't know what else will keep the peace and I'm not ready to let go until I have something else in hand.† Seldon said, â€Å"You talk as though you are in control of the Galaxy. You are not ready to let go? You must have something else in hand? Who are you to talk so?† â€Å"I'm speaking generally, figuratively,† said Hummin. â€Å"I'm not worried about Chetter Hummin personally. It might be said that the Empire will last my time; it might even show signs of improvement in my time. Declines don't follow a straight-line path. It may be a thousand years before the final crash and you might well imagine I would be dead then and, certainly, I will leave no descendants. As far as women are concerned, I have nothing but the occasional casual attachment and I have no children and intend to have none. I have given no hostages to fortune.-I looked you up after your talk, Seldon. You have no children either.† â€Å"I have parents and two brothers, but no children.† He smiled rather weakly. â€Å"I was very attached to a woman at one time, but it seemed to her that I was attached more to my mathematics.† â€Å"Were you?† â€Å"It didn't seem so to me, but it seemed so to her. So she left.† â€Å"And you have had no one since?† â€Å"No. I remember the pain too clearly as yet.† â€Å"Well then, it might seem we could both wait out the matter and leave it to other people, well after our time, to suffer. I might have been willing to accept that earlier, but no longer. For now I have a tool; I am in command.† â€Å"What's your tool?† asked Seldon, already knowing the answer. â€Å"You!† said Hummin. And because Seldon had known what Hummin would say, he wasted no time in being shocked or astonished. He simply shook his head and said, â€Å"You are quite wrong. I am no tool fit for use.† â€Å"Why not?† Seldon sighed. â€Å"How often must I repeat it? Psychohistory is not a practical study. The difficulty is fundamental. All the space and time of the Universe would not suffice to work out the necessary problems.† â€Å"Are you certain of that?† â€Å"Unfortunately, yes.† â€Å"There's no question of your working out the entire future of the Galactic Empire, you know. You needn't trace out in detail the workings of every human being or even of every world. There are merely terrain questions you must answer: Will the Galactic Empire crash and, if so, when? What will be the condition of humanity afterward? Can anything be done to prevent the crash or to ameliorate conditions afterward? These are comparatively simple questions, it seems to me.† Seldon shook his head and smiled sadly. â€Å"The history of mathematics is full of simple questions that had only the most complicated of answers-or none at all.† â€Å"Is there nothing to be done? I can see that the Empire is falling, but I can't prove it. All my conclusions are subjective and I cannot show that I am not mistaken. Because the view is a seriously unsettling one, people would prefer not to believe my subjective conclusion and nothing will be done to prevent the Fall or even to cushion it. You could prove the coming Fall or, for that matter, disprove it.† â€Å"But that is exactly what I cannot do. I can't find you proof where none exists. I can't make a mathematical system practical when it isn't. I can't find you two even numbers that will yield an odd number as a sum, no matter how vitally your all the Galaxy-may need that odd number.† Hummin said, â€Å"Well then, you're part of the decay. You're ready to accept failure.† â€Å"What choice have I?† â€Å"Can't you try? However useless the effort may seem to you to be, have you anything better to do with your life? Have you some worthier goal? Have you a purpose that will justify you in your own eyes to some greater extent?† Seldon's eyes blinked rapidly. â€Å"Millions of worlds. Billions of cultures. Quadrillions of people. Decillions of interrelationships.-And you want me to reduce it to order.† â€Å"No, I want you to try. For the sake of those millions of worlds, billions of cultures, and quadrillions of people. Not for the Emperor. Not for Demerzel. For humanity.† â€Å"I will fail,† said Seldon. â€Å"Then we will be no worse off. Will you try?† And against his will and not knowing why, Seldon heard himself say, â€Å"I will try.† And the course of his life was set. 14. The journey came to its end and the air-taxi moved into a much larger lot than the one at which they had eaten. (Seldon still remembered the taste of the sandwich and made a wry face.) Hummin turned in his taxi and came back, placing his credit slip in a small pocket on the inner surface of his shirt. He said, â€Å"You're completely safe here from anything outright and open. This is the Streeling Sector.† â€Å"Streeling?† â€Å"It's named for someone who first opened up the area to settlement, I imagine. Most of the sectors are named for someone or other, which means that most of the names are ugly and some are hard to pronounce. Just the same, if you try to have the inhabitants here change Streeling to Sweetsmell or something like that, you'll have a fight on your hands.† â€Å"Of course,† said Seldon, sniffing loudly, â€Å"it isn't exactly Sweetsmell.† â€Å"Hardly anywhere in Trantor is, but you'll get used to it.† â€Å"I'm glad we're here,† said Seldon. â€Å"Not that I like it, but I got quite tired sitting in the taxi. Getting around Trantor must be a horror. Back on Helicon, we can get from any one place to any other by air, in far less time than it took us to travel less than two thousand kilometers here.† â€Å"We have air-jets too.† â€Å"But in that case-â€Å" â€Å"I could arrange an air-taxi ride more or less anonymously. It would have been much more difficult with an air-jet. And regardless of how safe it is here, I'd feel better if Demerzel didn't know exactly where you were.-As a matter of fact, we're not done yet. We're going to take the Expressway for the final stage.† Seldon knew the expression. â€Å"One of those open monorails moving on an electromagnetic field, right?† â€Å"Right.† â€Å"We don't have them on Helicon. Actually, we don't need them there. I rode on an Expressway the first day I was on Trantor. It took me from the airport to the hotel. It was rather a novelty, but if I were to use it all the time, I imagine the noise and crowds would become overpowering.† Hummin looked amused. â€Å"Did you get lost?† â€Å"No, the signs were useful. There was trouble getting on and off, but I was helped. Everyone could tell I was an Outworlder by my clothes, I now realize. They seemed eager to help, though; I guess because it was amusing to watching me hesitate and stumble.† â€Å"As an expert in Expressway travel by now, you will neither hesitate nor stumble.† Hummin said it pleasantly enough, though there was a slight twitch to the corners of his mouth. â€Å"Come on, then.† They sauntered leisurely along the walkway, which was lit to the extent one might expect of an overcast day and that brightened now and then as though the sun occasionally broke through the clouds. Automatically, Seldon looked upward to see if that were indeed the case, but the â€Å"sky† above was blankly luminous. Hummin saw this and said, â€Å"This change in brightness seems too suit the human psyche. There are days when the street seems to be in bright sunlight and days when it is rather darker than it is now.† â€Å"But no rain or snow?† â€Å"Or hail or sleet. No. Nor high humidity nor bitter cold. Trantor has its points, Seldon, even now.† There were people walking in both directions and there were a considerable number of young people and also some children accompanying the adults, despite what Hummin had said about the birthrate. All seemed reasonably prosperous and reputable. The two sexes were equally represented and the clothing was distinctly more subdued than it had been in the Imperial Sector. His own costume, as chosen by Hummin, fit right in. Very few were wearing hats and Seldon thankfully removed his own and swung it at his side. There was no deep abyss separating the two sides of the walkway and as Hummin had predicted in the Imperial Sector, they were walking at what seemed to be ground level. There were no vehicles either and Seldon pointed this out to Hummin. Hummin said, â€Å"There are quite a number of them in the Imperial Sector because they're used by officials. Elsewhere, private vehicles are rare and those that are used have separate tunnels reserved for them. Their use is not really necessary, since we have Expressways and, for shorter distances, moving corridors. For still shorter distances, we have walkways and we can use our legs.† Seldon heard occasional muted sighs and creaks and saw, some distance off, the endless passing of Expressway cars. â€Å"There it is,† he said, pointing. â€Å"I know, but let us move on to a boarding station. There are more cars there and it is easier to get on.† Once they were safely ensconced in an Expressway car, Seldon turned to Hummin and said, â€Å"What amazes me is how quiet the Expressways are. I realize that they are mass-propelled by an electromagnetic field, but it seems quiet even for that.† He listened to the occasional metallic groan as the car they were on shifted against its neighbors. â€Å"Yes, it's a marvelous network,† said Hummin, â€Å"but you don't see it at its peak. When I was younger, it was quieter than it is now and there are those who say that there wasn't as much as a whisper fifty years ago-though I suppose we might make allowance for the idealization of nostalgia.† â€Å"Why isn't it that way now?† â€Å"Because it isn't maintained properly. I told you about decay.† Seldon frowned. â€Å"Surely, people don't sit around and say, ‘We're decaying. Let's let the Expressways fall apart.' â€Å" â€Å"No, they don't. It's not a purposeful thing. Bad spots are patched, decrepit coaches refurbished, magnets replaced. However, it's done in more slapdash fashion, more carelessly, and at greater intervals. There just aren't enough credits available.† â€Å"Where have the credits gone?† â€Å"Into other things. We've had centuries of unrest. The navy is much larger and many times more expensive than it once was. The armed forces are much better-paid, in order to keep them quiet. Unrest, revolts, and minor blazes of civil war all take their toll.† â€Å"But it's been quiet under Cleon. And we've had fifty years of peace.† â€Å"Yes, but soldiers who are well-paid would resent having that pay reduced just because there is peace. Admirals resist mothballing ships and having themselves reduced in rank simply because there is less for them to do. So the credits still go-unproductively-to the armed forces and vital areas of the social good are allowed to deteriorate. That's what I call decay. Don't you? Don't you think that eventually you would fit that sort of view into your psychohistorical notions?† Seldon stirred uneasily. Then he said, â€Å"Where are we going, by the way?† â€Å"Streeling University.† â€Å"Ah, that's why the sector's name was familiar. I've heard of the University.† â€Å"I'm not surprised. Trantor has nearly a hundred thousand institutions of higher learning and Streeling is one of the thousand or so at the top of the heap.† â€Å"Will I be staying there?† â€Å"For a while. University campuses are unbreathable sanctuaries, by and large. You will be safe there.† â€Å"But will I be welcome there?† â€Å"Why not? It's hard to find a good mathematician these days. They might be able to use you. And you might be able to use them too-and for more than just a hiding place.† â€Å"You mean, it will be a place where I can develop my notions.† â€Å"You have promised,† said Hummin gravely. â€Å"I have promised to try, † said Seldon and thought to himself that it was about like promising to try to make a rope out of sand. 15. Conversation had run out after that and Seldon watched the structures of the Streeling Sector as they passed. Some were quite low, while some seemed to brush the â€Å"sky.† Wide crosspassages broke the progression and frequent alleys could be seen. At one point, it struck him that though the buildings rose upward they also swept downward and that perhaps they were deeper than they were high. As soon as the thought occurred to him, he was convinced it was true. Occasionally, he saw patches of green in the background, farther back from the Expressway, and even small trees. He watched for quite a while and then became aware that the light was growing dimmer. He squinted about and turned to Hummin, who guessed the question. â€Å"The afternoon is waning,† he said, â€Å"and night is coming on.† Seldon's eyebrows raised and the corners of his mouth turned downward. â€Å"That's impressive. I have a picture of the entire planet darkening and then, some hours from now, lighting up again.† Hummin smiled his small, careful smile. â€Å"Not quite, Seldon. The planet is never turned off altogether-or turned on either. The shadow of twilight sweeps across the planet gradually, followed half a day later by the slow brightening of dawn. In fact, the effect follows the actual day and night above the domes quite closely, so that in higher altitudes day and night change length with the seasons.† Seldon shook his head, â€Å"But why close in the planet and then mimic what would be in the open?† â€Å"I presume because people like it better that way. Trantorians like the advantages of being enclosed, but they don't like to be reminded of it unduly, just the same. You know very little about Trantorian psychology, Seldon.† Seldon flushed slightly. He was only a Heliconian and he knew very little about the millions of worlds outside Helicon. His ignorance was not confined to Trantor. How, then, could he hope to come up with any practical applications for his theory of psychohistory? How could any number of people-all together-know enough? It reminded Seldon of a puzzle that had been presented to him when he was young: Can you have a relatively small piece of platinum, with handholds affixed, that could not be lifted by the bare, unaided strength of any number of people, no matter how many? The answer was yes. A cubic meter of platinum weighs 22,420 kilograms under standard gravitational pull. If it is assumed that each person could heave 120 kilograms up from the ground, then 188 people would suffice to lift the platinum.-But you could not squeeze 188 people around the cubic meter so that each one could get a grip on it. You could perhaps not squeeze more than 9 people around it. And levers or other such devices were not allowed. It had to be â€Å"bare, unaided strength.† In the same way, it could be that there was no way of getting enough people to handle the total amount of knowledge required for psychohistory, even if the facts were stored in computers rather than in individual human brains. Only so many people could gather round the knowledge, so to speak, and communicate it. Hummin said, â€Å"You seem to be in a brown study, Seldon.† â€Å"I'm considering my own ignorance.† â€Å"A useful task. Quadrillions could profitably join you.-But it's time to get off.† Seldon looked up. â€Å"How can you tell?† â€Å"Just as you could tell when you were on the Expressway your first day on Trantor. I go by the signs.† Seldon caught one just as it went by: STREELING UNIVERSITY-3 MINUTES. â€Å"We get off at the next boarding station. Watch your step.† Seldon followed Hummin off the coach, noting that the sky was deep purple now and that the walkways and corridors and buildings were all lighting up, suffused with a yellow glow. It might have been the gathering of a Heliconian night. Had he been placed here blindfolded and had the blindfold been removed, he might have been convinced that he was in some particularly well-built-up inner region of one of Helicon's larger cities. â€Å"How long do you suppose I will remain at Streeling University, Hummin?† he asked. Hummin said in his usual calm fashion, â€Å"That would be hard to say, Seldon. Perhaps your whole life.† â€Å"What!† â€Å"Perhaps not. But your life stopped being your own once you gave that paper on psychohistory. The Emperor and Demerzel recognized your importance at once. So did I. For all I know, so did many others. You see, that means you don't belong to yourself anymore.†